Criminal Sociology is the science, which has as its object the study of crime as regards the social phenomenon, as well as the sociological factors that intervene in its production.
Criminal sociology is then the analysis of criminal acts with independence of the biological, moral and psychological characteristics of each offender. And all this considering the context of tiempo and place, as well as the connections it has with the collective.
Criminal sociology is the frame of general sociology that studies the crime as a deviant behavior, its causes, forms, development, effects and relationship with others acts social for power detect behavior that may be criminal.
Criminal Sociology, as discipline criminological, is due to the jurist Italian professor Enrico Ferri [1856-1929], representative of the school positivist of the Law School Criminal law who, starting with the third edition, gave that title to his famous book The new horizons of Law School and the proceedings penal [Bologna-Italy, 1881]; Ferri included in the new science, not only to the Anthropology and the Statistics criminals, but to the Pedagogical Sciences, the Penology, and even at Law School Criminal law which said rd just a chapter of Criminal Sociology.
Objects of criminal sociology
Criminal Sociology is interested in two aspects:
- The set of principles derived from the statistical study of the of criminal phenomena, combined with the psychological aspects of specific cases, which allow the study of the crime , the done social and in its relations with criminogenic factors; these, coming from the surrounding world, weigh on individuals and stimulate them to offend.
- It also includes the determination of the resources preventive political-social measures that States can use in their fight against criminality. All of these studies, in certain aspects, have ancient precedents.
Functions of Criminal Sociology
Criminal sociology has a dual function:
- Offer a theory able to explain the delinquency based on the study of criminal phenomena and supported by the psychological aspects of specific cases and their relationship with criminogenic factors.
- Develop an applied science capable of prevent crimes, offering appropriate measures to mitigate the factors that drive them offend and reduce its impact as much as possible negative.
Importance of criminal sociology
Thanks to criminal sociology, it is possible to analyze criminal acts not only as data individually isolated. Instead, it takes data that reveals patterns of behavior. With that insights It is possible to create statistics that allow governments to take measures to reduce crime rates and even prevent them.
It is an auxiliary science of right penal which allows judges and prosecutors to know the patterns of behavior and the psyche of the offender to apply the penalty adjusted to their psychological reality.
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