Lateran Pacts

Los Lateran Pacts o Lateran Pacts were a series of agreements signed on February 11, 1929 by the cardinal Pietro Gasparri, in name of the pope Pius XI, and by the first minister from Italy, Benito Mussolini, in name of the the king Victor Emmanuel III. They meant the independence political of the Holy See of the Kingdom of Italy as State sovereign, as well as the full restoration of relations between the representatives of Italy and the Church Catholic, broken since 1870.

Origin

The Papal States, in which he had ruled pope Until 1870, they had been absorbed by the Kingdom of Italy in the proceedings of Italian Reunification and, as a result, the pope and the Holy See had been subjected to the sovereignty Italian for everyone effects practical, generating an environment of hostility between the Church Catholic and the State Italian, a situation called the "Question Roman».

Agreements

In the 1929 agreements the gobierno from Italy fascist, led by Benito Mussolini, admitted to recognizing the Holy See as State independent, endowed with powers of self-government and with opción to establish diplomatic relations. This restored the character of State sovereign for one portion territorial area of ​​Rome physically occupied by the Holy See and, therefore, for the Church Catholic. The Lateran Pacts were negotiated between the Secretary of State State (cardinal Pietro Gasparri) in name of the Holy See and the first minister Italian (Benito Mussolini), in name of the the king Victor Emmanuel III.

There are three different pacts:

• Un covenant that recognizes the independence y sovereignty of the Holy See and which creates the State from Vatican City.
• Un agreed which defines the civil and religious relations between the gobierno and the Church in Italy, and which is summed up in the motto "Church spirit en State spirit».
• An convention financial institution that provides the Holy See with compensation for its losses in 1870, as well as the recognition of the extraterritoriality and immunity taxation for various apostolic palaces, basilicas and ecclesiastical institutes.

Through the agreed, the pope agreed to send the candidates for the bishopric and the archbishopric to the gobierno of Italy, requiring bishops to swear allegiance to the State from Italy before taking the cargo and prohibit the clergy from taking part in the political. Italy agreed to accommodate laws on the wedding  and the community property or separate property. to the rules of the Church Catholic —recognizing full effects civil marriages only to marriages contracted according to the Catholic rite, to the exclusion of the rest—and declare members of the clergy exempt from comply el the service military required, as well as the reestablishment of military chaplains. El agreed represented, for Pius XI, a commitment inseparable from the treaty, emphasized by its part that any misrepresentation of the first by part of the regime Mussolini's would be considered as a violation of the second: "simul stabunt aut simul peribunt."