La criminology It is a social science, interdisciplinary and of an autonomous nature, which has four objects of study, namely: the crime, the criminal, the victim and social control of the criminality.
It was Rafaelle Garofalo, jurist Italian, who first coined the word term criminology, whose etymological meaning derives from Latin crimes (crime/crime) and from Greek Logos (treaty or study) so its definition purer is "study of crime». But to attribute this definition to the criminological work would be too much vago.
It focuses on the study of the criminal phenomenon, as well as on the proceedings de definition y sanction of deviant behavior. In addition, it also focuses on the prevention and the treatment of these behaviors.
It bases its foundations on diverse knowledge of disciplines and sciences such as sociology, psychology, work Social, medicine, anthropology, mathematics, physics and chemistry, relying indirectly on the right penal and other sciences of character forensicIt should be noted that it is common to confuse criminology with criminalistics, which does so in the proceedings de research.
Criminology is a multidisciplinary science that studies the causes and circumstances of the acts criminal from all its aspects (offender, crime, victim and social control), from psychology itself and personality from the individual to the influence of the society in which each one is raised. And for this very reason it has relationship with many other disciplines such as Law School, Sociology, Psychology, Anthropology and Medicine, that are part of part en Most o less measure of their curricula
Applications and functions of criminology
Si carefully It is true that criminology can be applied to processes of research criminal and help al work de Justice such as the preparation of expert reports, lifting, packaging and study of evidence, the issue of opinions, criminal profiling, social rehabilitation, treatment penitentiary among others, It is important to clarify that these tasks correspond only to the work of the criminologist in the field public.
Differences between criminology and criminalistics
It is not unusual to hear, on some occasions, that people refer to criminology and criminology as synonyms; without embargo, this is a error, because both pursue different objectives.
The first is responsible for determining the existence of a done criminal, through the gathering of evidence and the identification of the intellectual authors of a crime; while the second is focused on the how and why of criminal phenomena and their relationship with the society.
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