Is named espionage to Areas and the set of techniques associated with the covert obtaining of data, insights confidential or any kind of secret. Common techniques of espionage have historically been infiltration and penetration, in both it is possible use of the bribery and the blackmail.
The French word espionage It came to our language as espionage. The first meaning of the term which includes the Real Spanish Academy (RAE) in its dictionary refers to act de to spy: to observe surreptitiously, estar lurking
How it develops espionage
El espionage It contemplates multiple actions to obtain the insights de crafts covert. There are different resources, techniques and methods that are put into practice Areas with the aim of overcoming the barriers that protect or hide data.
It is important to take into account that espionage can result legal o illegalIt is generally accepted that a gobierno carry out tasks of espionage that allow him to guarantee the security of the nation, protect the interests of the town and safeguard the Constitution. In any case, the laws establish the scope and limits of such proceedings: the rulers have no freedom absolute for to spy.
Methods and terminology
Although the media may talk about "satellites" spy» and similar terms, the espionage It is not a synonym for the set of intelligence gathering disciplines, but rather a crafts specific to human intelligence (also known by the English acronym HUMINT).
In this area, the following methods are used:
- La infiltration It is the technique used to introduce own units into the ranks of the opponent or target, so that they supply insights de interest immediate or potential influence on the activities, capabilities, plans, projects, etc. of the opponent. It could also be said that it is the action which consists of the use of a person, known as a mole, whose basic task is to earn money confidence. of those who possess the insights to have access to it.
- La penetration It is the technique that consists of achieving the collaboration conscious or innocent of a member of the Company o group contrary in order to provide data and insights Confidential of the group to which it belongs. Generally, this activity is carried out in crafts covertly and employs recruited people who have been persuaded to work in secret against their own Company for different reasons: ideological, economic, moral, religious or personal. Penetration is preceded by a study or selection of people with access to what is wanted to know, their motivations and vulnerabilities. Subsequently, an approach is provoked, through third parties, of casual appearance by part a agent intelligence or recruiter who initiates a proceedings called "source development", aimed at cultivar la confidence. of the future informant and prepare him for the proposal of collaboration future.
Tools for the management of human sources
- El bribery It is the purchase of the insights money or other means. treats a methodology and . employee in the penetration technique.
- En /// that the use of the coercion To obtain it, this technique is called blackmail. It is usually used insights of a personal nature about the blackmailed person to force his collaboration.
Commercial applications of the espionage
El espionage Industrial is the illegal obtaining of insights relative to the research, development and manufacturing of prototypes, through which companies aim to get ahead of their competitors in the launch of a product on the market. product novel. The growing reduction of the periods elapsed between the idea novel and the launching on the market of product, as well as the each to date Most obsolescence of new technology products make these industrial sectors the ideal breeding ground for this type of illegal activities.
Dominican regulations
Los derechos de citizenship are lost through condemnation irrevocable in the cases of treason, espionage, conspiracy; as well as for taking up arms and for lending helps or participate in deliberate attacks or damages against the interests of the Republic. The penalty to the one who commits espionage against State Dominican is 30 years old seclusion Most in accordance with articles 77 and 78 of the Code penal Dominican.
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